What is Bipolar Disorder?

Bipolar disorder, formerly called manic depression, is a mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). These mood swings can affect sleep, energy, activity, judgment, behavior, and the ability to think clearly.

If you're in crisis

If you're experiencing severe manic or depressive symptoms, or having suicidal thoughts, please seek help immediately. You're not alone, and support is available.

Emergency Resources

There are several types of bipolar disorder, each involving clear changes in mood, energy, and activity levels:

Bipolar I Disorder

Defined by manic episodes that last at least 7 days or by manic symptoms that are so severe that immediate hospital care is needed.

Bipolar II Disorder

Pattern of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes, but not the full-blown manic episodes of Bipolar I.

Cyclothymic Disorder

Periods of hypomanic symptoms and periods of depressive symptoms lasting for at least 2 years (1 year in children and adolescents).

Symptoms

Bipolar disorder symptoms can vary, but they typically involve dramatic shifts in mood and behavior. The symptoms depend on whether the person is experiencing a manic/hypomanic episode or a depressive episode.

Manic/Hypomanic Episode Symptoms

Increased Energy

Unusually high energy levels, hyperactivity, and reduced need for sleep.

Euphoria

Exaggerated sense of well-being and confidence (euphoria).

Racing Thoughts

Racing thoughts, rapid speech, and jumping between ideas.

Risky Behavior

Poor decision-making, such as spending sprees, reckless driving, or foolish business investments.

Depressive Episode Symptoms

Depressed Mood

Prolonged sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness.

Fatigue

Loss of energy and extreme fatigue, even after small tasks.

Concentration Issues

Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions.

Suicidal Thoughts

Thoughts of death, suicide, or suicide attempts.

Treatment Options

Bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition, but it can be effectively managed with proper treatment. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication and psychotherapy.

Medication

Mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and sometimes antidepressants.

Psychotherapy

Cognitive behavioral therapy, psychoeducation, and family therapy.

Lifestyle Routine

Regular sleep, exercise, and stress management techniques.

Support Groups

Peer support from others living with bipolar disorder.

Hospitalization

May be necessary during severe manic or depressive episodes.

"After my bipolar diagnosis, finding the right treatment plan changed everything. Medication helps stabilize my moods, and therapy taught me how to recognize early warning signs. It's still a journey, but I now have tools to manage my condition."

— Michael T., 42

Getting Help

If you suspect you or a loved one may have bipolar disorder, the first step is to consult with a mental health professional. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent the worsening of symptoms and reduce the impact on your life.

How to Find a Specialist

Look for mental health professionals with experience in treating bipolar disorder:

Find a Bipolar Specialist Join a Support Group

Helpful Resources

These trusted resources can provide more information and support for bipolar disorder:

International Bipolar Foundation

Education, support, and research for bipolar disorder.

Visit Website

Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance

Peer-led support groups and educational resources.

Visit Website

Bipolar Disorder News

Latest research and treatment options for bipolar disorder.

Learn More

Frequently Asked Questions

Is bipolar disorder the same as mood swings?

No, bipolar disorder involves much more severe mood changes than typical mood swings. The mood episodes in bipolar disorder last for days or weeks and significantly impair a person's ability to function. The highs (mania) and lows (depression) are extreme and often require treatment.

Can bipolar disorder be cured?

While there is no cure for bipolar disorder, it can be effectively managed with proper treatment. Many people with bipolar disorder lead full and productive lives when they receive appropriate medication and therapy.

What causes bipolar disorder?

The exact cause is unknown, but research suggests a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors. Brain structure and function differences, neurotransmitter imbalances, and family history all appear to play roles.

How is bipolar disorder diagnosed?

A mental health professional will conduct a thorough evaluation including a physical exam, medical history, and psychiatric assessment. There are no blood tests or brain scans that can diagnose bipolar disorder, but these may be used to rule out other conditions.

Can children have bipolar disorder?

Yes, although it's often difficult to diagnose in children because symptoms may resemble other childhood disorders. If you suspect your child may have bipolar disorder, consult a child psychiatrist with experience in mood disorders.