What is Depression?

Depression (major depressive disorder) is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act. It causes feelings of sadness and/or a loss of interest in activities you once enjoyed. It can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems and can decrease your ability to function at work and at home.

If you're in crisis

If you're having suicidal thoughts or are in immediate distress, please call emergency services or a crisis hotline immediately. You're not alone, and help is available.

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Depression symptoms can vary from mild to severe and can include:

Emotional Symptoms

  • Persistent sad, anxious, or "empty" mood
  • Feelings of hopelessness or pessimism
  • Irritability
  • Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, or helplessness

Physical Symptoms

  • Decreased energy or fatigue
  • Moving or talking more slowly
  • Appetite and/or weight changes
  • Aches or pains without a clear physical cause

Behavioral Symptoms

  • Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed
  • Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
  • Withdrawal from social activities
  • Thoughts of death or suicide

For a diagnosis of depression, these symptoms must be present for at least two weeks and represent a change from previous functioning.

Types of Depression

There are several forms of depressive disorders, each with unique characteristics:

Major Depression

Severe symptoms that interfere with work, sleep, study, eating, and enjoyment of life.

Persistent Depressive Disorder

Depressed mood that lasts for at least two years along with other depression symptoms.

Postpartum Depression

Much more serious than the "baby blues" that many women experience after giving birth.

Seasonal Affective Disorder

Depression that occurs during winter months when there is less natural sunlight.

Bipolar Disorder

Includes episodes of extremely low mood that meet criteria for major depression.

Treatment Options

Depression is among the most treatable of mental disorders. Between 80% and 90% of people with depression eventually respond well to treatment. Almost all patients gain some relief from their symptoms.

Psychotherapy

Talk therapy can help you learn new ways of thinking and behaving, and change habits that contribute to depression.

Medication

Antidepressants can help modify brain chemistry. They may take 2-4 weeks to work and often have side effects.

Light Therapy

For seasonal affective disorder, exposure to doses of white light can help regulate mood.

Exercise

Regular physical activity can be as effective as medication for mild to moderate depression.

Support Groups

Connecting with others facing similar challenges can provide emotional support and coping strategies.

"After struggling with depression for years, finding the right combination of therapy and medication changed my life. It wasn't an overnight fix, but with consistent treatment and support, I've regained my ability to enjoy life."

— Sarah J., 34

Getting Help

If you think you might be depressed, the most important step is to seek help. Start with your primary care doctor or a mental health professional. Be open about how you're feeling and the symptoms you're experiencing.

How to Find a Therapist

Finding the right therapist is crucial for effective treatment. Consider these steps:

  1. Ask your primary care doctor for a referral
  2. Check with your insurance provider for covered professionals
  3. Look for therapists specializing in depression treatment
  4. Consider whether you prefer in-person or online therapy
  5. Schedule consultations with a few therapists to find the right fit
Find a Therapist Near You

Helpful Resources

These trusted resources can provide more information and support for depression:

National Institute of Mental Health

Comprehensive information on depression symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Visit Website

Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance

Peer-led support groups and educational resources for people with mood disorders.

Visit Website

Crisis Text Line

Free, 24/7 support for those in crisis. Text HOME to 741741 to connect with a crisis counselor.

Learn More

Frequently Asked Questions

Is depression just extreme sadness?

No, depression is more than just feeling sad. While sadness is one symptom, depression involves a persistent low mood along with other symptoms that affect your ability to function in daily life. It's a medical condition that often requires treatment.

Can depression go away on its own?

While some people may experience temporary periods of depression that improve without treatment, clinical depression often persists and can worsen without proper intervention. Seeking professional help is recommended for persistent symptoms.

How long does depression treatment take?

Treatment duration varies by individual. Some people see improvement in a few weeks, while others may need several months or longer of treatment. Many people benefit from ongoing therapy even after their symptoms improve to prevent relapse.

Are antidepressants addictive?

Antidepressants are not addictive in the way that substances like alcohol or opioids are. However, stopping them abruptly can cause withdrawal symptoms, so it's important to work with your doctor to taper off gradually when appropriate.

Can lifestyle changes help with depression?

Yes, lifestyle changes like regular exercise, healthy eating, good sleep habits, and stress reduction can significantly help manage depression symptoms. These are often most effective when combined with professional treatment.

Depression Support Groups

Connecting with others who understand what you're going through can be incredibly helpful. Consider joining a support group specifically for depression:

Overcoming Depression Group

Weekly meetings to share experiences and coping strategies for managing depression.

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Young Adults Depression Support

Specialized group for young adults (18-25) dealing with depression.

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Online Depression Community

24/7 moderated online forum for people experiencing depression.

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